Python域

The Python domain (name py) provides the following directives for module declarations:

.. py:module:: name

This directive marks the beginning of the description of a module (or package submodule, in which case the name should be fully qualified, including the package name). It does not create content (like e.g. py:class does).

This directive will also cause an entry in the global module index.

The platform option, if present, is a comma-separated list of the platforms on which the module is available (if it is available on all platforms, the option should be omitted). The keys are short identifiers; examples that are in use include “IRIX”, “Mac”, “Windows”, and “Unix”. It is important to use a key which has already been used when applicable.

The synopsis option should consist of one sentence describing the module’s purpose – it is currently only used in the Global Module Index.

The deprecated option can be given (with no value) to mark a module as deprecated; it will be designated as such in various locations then.

.. py:currentmodule:: name

This directive tells Sphinx that the classes, functions etc. documented from here are in the given module (like py:module), but it will not create index entries, an entry in the Global Module Index, or a link target for py:mod. This is helpful in situations where documentation for things in a module is spread over multiple files or sections – one location has the py:module directive, the others only py:currentmodule.

The following directives are provided for module and class contents:

.. py:data:: name

Describes global data in a module, including both variables and values used as “defined constants.” Class and object attributes are not documented using this environment.

.. py:exception:: name

Describes an exception class. The signature can, but need not include parentheses with constructor arguments.

.. py:function:: name(signature)

Describes a module-level function. The signature should include the parameters, enclosing optional parameters in brackets. Default values can be given if it enhances clarity; see Python签名. For example:

.. py:function:: Timer.repeat([repeat=3[, number=1000000]])

Object methods are not documented using this directive. Bound object methods placed in the module namespace as part of the public interface of the module are documented using this, as they are equivalent to normal functions for most purposes.

The description should include information about the parameters required and how they are used (especially whether mutable objects passed as parameters are modified), side effects, and possible exceptions. A small example may be provided.

.. py:class:: name[(signature)]

Describes a class. The signature can include parentheses with parameters which will be shown as the constructor arguments. See also Python签名.

Methods and attributes belonging to the class should be placed in this directive’s body. If they are placed outside, the supplied name should contain the class name so that cross-references still work. Example:

.. py:class:: Foo
   .. py:method:: quux()

-- or --

.. py:class:: Bar

.. py:method:: Bar.quux()

The first way is the preferred one.

.. py:attribute:: name

Describes an object data attribute. The description should include information about the type of the data to be expected and whether it may be changed directly.

.. py:method:: name(signature)

Describes an object method. The parameters should not include the self parameter. The description should include similar information to that described for function. See also Python签名.

.. py:staticmethod:: name(signature)

Like py:method, but indicates that the method is a static method.

0.4 新版功能.

.. py:classmethod:: name(signature)

Like py:method, but indicates that the method is a class method.

0.6 新版功能.

.. py:decorator:: name

.. py:decorator:: name(signature)

Describes a decorator function. The signature should not represent the signature of the actual function, but the usage as a decorator. For example, given the functions

def removename(func):
    func.__name__ = ''
    return func

def setnewname(name):
    def decorator(func):
        func.__name__ = name
        return func
    return decorator

the descriptions should look like this:

.. py:decorator:: removename

   Remove name of the decorated function.

.. py:decorator:: setnewname(name)

   Set name of the decorated function to *name*.

There is no py:deco role to link to a decorator that is marked up with this directive; rather, use the py:func role.

.. py:decoratormethod:: name

.. py:decoratormethod:: name(signature)

Same as py:decorator, but for decorators that are methods.

Refer to a decorator method using the py:meth role.

Python签名

Signatures of functions, methods and class constructors can be given like they would be written in Python, with the exception that optional parameters can be indicated by brackets:

.. py:function:: compile(source[, filename[, symbol]])

It is customary to put the opening bracket before the comma. In addition to this “nested” bracket style, a “flat” style can also be used, due to the fact that most optional parameters can be given independently:

.. py:function:: compile(source[, filename, symbol])

Default values for optional arguments can be given (but if they contain commas, they will confuse the signature parser). Python 3-style argument annotations can also be given as well as return type annotations:

.. py:function:: compile(source : string[, filename, symbol]) -> ast object

信息字段列表

0.4 新版功能.

Inside Python object description directives, reST field lists with these fields are recognized and formatted nicely:

• param, parameter, arg, argument, key, keyword: Description of a parameter.
• type: Type of a parameter.
• raises, raise, except, exception: That (and when) a specific exception is raised.
• var, ivar, cvar: Description of a variable.
• returns, return: Description of the return value.
• rtype: Return type.

The field names must consist of one of these keywords and an argument (except for returns and rtype, which do not need an argument). This is best explained by an example:

.. py:function:: format_exception(etype, value, tb[, limit=None])

   Format the exception with a traceback.

   :param etype: exception type
   :param value: exception value
   :param tb: traceback object
   :param limit: maximum number of stack frames to show
   :type limit: integer or None
   :rtype: list of strings

This will render like this:

format_exception(etype, value, tb[, limit=None])

Format the exception with a traceback.

参数:

• etype – exception type
• value – exception value
• tb – traceback object
• limit (integer or None) – maximum number of stack frames to show

返回类型:

list of strings

It is also possible to combine parameter type and description, if the type is a single word, like this:

:param integer limit: maximum number of stack frames to show

交叉引用Python对象

The following roles refer to objects in modules and are possibly hyperlinked if a matching identifier is found:

:py:mod:

Reference a module; a dotted name may be used. This should also be used for package names.

:py:func:

Reference a Python function; dotted names may be used. The role text needs not include trailing parentheses to enhance readability; they will be added automatically by Sphinx if the add_function_parentheses config value is true (the default).

:py:data:

Reference a module-level variable.

:py:const:

Reference a “defined” constant. This may be a C-language #define or a Python variable that is not intended to be changed.

:py:class:

Reference a class; a dotted name may be used.

:py:meth:

Reference a method of an object. The role text can include the type name and the method name; if it occurs within the description of a type, the type name can be omitted. A dotted name may be used.

:py:attr:

Reference a data attribute of an object.

:py:exc:

Reference an exception. A dotted name may be used.

:py:obj:

Reference an object of unspecified type. Useful e.g. as the default_role.

0.4 新版功能.

The name enclosed in this markup can include a module name and/or a class name. For example, :py:func:`filter` could refer to a function named filter in the current module, or the built-in function of that name. In contrast, :py:func:`foo.filter` clearly refers to the filter function in the foo module.

Normally, names in these roles are searched first without any further qualification, then with the current module name prepended, then with the current module and class name (if any) prepended. If you prefix the name with a dot, this order is reversed. For example, in the documentation of Python’s codecs module, :py:func:`open` always refers to the built-in function, while :py:func:`.open` refers to codecs.open().

A similar heuristic is used to determine whether the name is an attribute of the currently documented class.

Also, if the name is prefixed with a dot, and no exact match is found, the target is taken as a suffix and all object names with that suffix are searched. For example, :py:meth:`.TarFile.close` references the tarfile.TarFile.close() function, even if the current module is not tarfile. Since this can get ambiguous, if there is more than one possible match, you will get a warning from Sphinx.

Note that you can combine the ~ and . prefixes: :py:meth:`~.TarFile.close` will reference the tarfile.TarFile.close() method, but the visible link caption will only be close().